System and method for generating olfactory stimuli

ABSTRACT

A device or system is provided that provides olfactory stimuli, and includes a piezoelectric vibration device that is used to produce scents corresponding to actions performed in a VR or AR environment, or other application. In some implementations, a user interacts with one or more game elements within a game program being executed by a game engine, and responsive to the interaction, the game engine may communicate a series of commands that cause a piezoelectric device of the device to generate scents to be experienced by the user.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to commonly-owned U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/598,357, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GENERATING OLFACTORY STIMULI”, filed on Dec. 13, 2017 under attorney docket no. S2017.70000US00, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

NOTICE OF MATERIAL SUBJECT TO COPYRIGHT PROTECTION

Portions of the material in this patent document are subject to copyright protection under the copyright laws of the United States and of other countries. The owner of the copyright rights has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the United States Patent and Trademark Office publicly available file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. The copyright owner does not hereby waive any of its rights to have this patent document maintained in secrecy, including without limitation its rights pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 1.14.

SUMMARY

Historically, there have been many attempts at providing scents in various environments, such as theaters, computer environments, among other situations and locations. However, many of these technologies failed to reach widespread adoption. Also, some attempts have been made to extend scents technology to virtual reality environments, however, it is appreciated that there is no common device available that is capable of rendering scents in such environments. According to some embodiments, a device is provided that is capable of rendering scent stimuli within an augmented and/or virtual reality environment.

Such a device, according to some embodiments, may be provided as a companion device or may be fully embedded in a Virtual Reality (VR) or Altered Reality (AR) headset system (e.g., the well-known HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, Microsoft HoloLens, HTC's Gear VR among other devices and/or systems). The device, may, in some embodiments include a controller (or other type of processor) that is capable of communicating with a game (or content delivery) engine, operating system (e.g., Windows mixed reality, Google daydream) or other type of content delivery processor that produces AR and/or VR content.

In some embodiments, the device, sometimes referred to herein as an OVR (olfactory virtual reality) device or system that provides olfactory stimuli, may include an aerosol generator or AG device for producing vaporized media to render scents. The AG device may include, for example, a piezoelectric vibration device that is used to produce scents corresponding to actions performed in a VR or AR environment. That is, in some implementations, a user interacts with one or more game elements within a game program being executed by the game engine, and responsive to the interaction, the game engine may communicate a series of commands that cause a piezoelectric device of the OVR device to generate scents to be experienced by the user. According to some embodiments, the game engine is coupled to the OVR device via one or more communication channels such as a wireless interface (e.g., Bluetooth, WiFi, etc.). The game engine (or other type of content producer) may communicate with the OVR device using a stream of serial data, which when received by the OVR device, may be translated to scent commands that operate one or more piezoelectric elements of the OVR device.

In some embodiments, the OVR device further includes one or more detachable elements (e.g., a vessel or other element type) that each contain a scent module. The detachable scent modules may, in some embodiments, include one or more scents that can be controlled by the game engine. There could be any number of small scent modules, each associated with a separate piezoelectric element that can be addressed and used to render a scent to the user. The scent modules may be constructed using an element that contains one or more scents, which can be in the form of liquid, gel or solid scent media.

In some embodiments, the microcontroller or other processor type controls an amplitude of a piezoelectric device which in turn controls airflow that interacts with a corresponding detachable scent module. The volume of scent delivered to the user's olfactory organs are controlled more accurately using such a control. Also, in some embodiments, a larger range of rendered scent strengths may be produced as a result.

In some embodiments, there may be one or more stages of piezo elements used to render scent information. As discussed further below, some elements may be used to provide fine control of the outputs of specific scents, while other elements may be used to perform primarily airflow movement, alone or in addition to fan elements or other air moving devices. In some embodiments, the piezo elements may or may not have separate vessels that contain the scent media. In some instances, the piezo elements may come preloaded with scent media. Some types of piezo elements may provide a replaceable form of scent media, such as a wick, insert or other media-containing element. In some embodiments, the piezo driven device vibrates liquid through a fine mesh to an output an aerosol or other atomized output to the user's nose.

The piezo driven aerosol generator (AG) may take many forms, such as devices using vibrating mesh technology (VMT). For example, a ring-shaped piezo device formed around a plate with aperture holes having specified sizes may be used to vibrate a liquid into a fine mist that is dispersed in the air surrounding a user's nose. Such plates may be, in some embodiments, flat or formed (domed). In some embodiments and application types, the size of the holes may be less than 10 microns.

Other piezo-type devices may be used, such as tubes of various shapes and sizes that have a piezo element surface attached to a tube surface, and which is arranged to vibrate and force the liquid into a mist through an aperture plate having holes. It should be appreciated that other arrangements and types of piezo elements may be used.

In some embodiments, an arrangement of piezo elements (e.g., an array) may be used to provide scent information to a user. Such arrangements may be directly addressable via a controller or other device to control each of the piezo elements. Some embodiments use an array of piezo elements positioned near the nose to provide scent output directly to the user.

In some embodiments, a chamber may be formed near or around the user's nose to permit the user to receive the outputs of the piezo elements. The chamber may be formed, for example, using a housing that substantially surrounds the user's nose and that directs outputs of the piezo elements towards the user's nose. In some embodiments, the housing may be adapted to be mounted to an underside of an existing headset device.

According to some embodiments, the device includes a plurality of piezoelectric elements that are capable of being operated within a number of variable states. Such states may be controlled by a processor such as a microcontroller. The piezoelectric elements may operate as pumps that can be used to drive scents within channels that can be positioned near the user's nose. In some embodiments, these channels may be configured in a variety of configurations using, for example, tubes or conduit, air reservoirs, vessels, and other physical constructs to obtain a system that disperses sent into or near the user's nose.

As discussed, the OVR device may include a processor and a serial input provided by the game engine. In some embodiments, an application programming interface (API) may be provided as a programmatic interface by which games and other external programs may be used to control and deliver scent information. By transmitting certain sequences of commands, the OVR device may be capable of delivering a scent output by controlling delivery of the variety of scented medium contained within the vessels. The variety of scented medium can be dispersed singularly or in combination to achieve a realistic sense of an object or environment. In some embodiments, the vessels can be designed to contain the different scented media in liquid, solid or even gel form. The vessels may also contain certain functionality or identifiers that allow them to be identified to the OVR system (e.g., what type of scent, level of media, etc.). In some embodiments, different combinations of vessels may be associated with different game formats. In some embodiments, each vessel is intended to be changed out when the scented media is depleted.

As discussed above, the device, according to some embodiments, may be provided as a companion device or may be fully embedded in a Virtual Reality (VR) or Altered Reality (AR) headset system. According to some embodiments, coupling devices are provided to attach the OVR device to various headset systems, such that outputs of the OVR device are positioned near the user's nose. In other embodiments, the OVR device features may be fully incorporated within the headset system. In one implementation of a fully integrated system, commands used to control OVR functions are integrated within the headset inputs provided by the game engine. In other embodiments, it is appreciated that such an OVR device may be integrated with other inputs and outputs, such as blood pressure monitors, haptic feedback devices, heartrate monitors, eye movement monitors or other devices.

In some embodiments, an atomizer is provided for dispensing liquids into the air. In some implementations, a device is provided for generating atomized fluid specifically, but not exclusively, for production of small droplets of scented oil and other fluid-based fragrances, among other types of liquids. In some embodiments, the device comprises a tube having a proximal opening and a distal opening, wherein media inside the tube is forced out of the proximal opening via an aperture plate.

In some embodiments, the tube further includes at least one piezoelectric plate that is attached to a face of the tube. The device further includes an aperture plate that is attached to the proximal end of the tube whereas the distal end of the tube is connected to a fluid supply source for supplying fluid through the tube to aperture plate at the proximal end of the tube. In some embodiments, the aperture plate includes a plurality of conical apertures that extend through the thickness of the plate.

In some embodiments, the device comprises a tube having a proximal opening and a distal opening, wherein fluid enters the distal end and is forced out of the proximal opening via an aperture plate. In some embodiments, fluid may be existing within the tube and/or added via the distal end, such as by a mechanism to add fluid as the device operates and forces the fluid out. In some embodiments, the device is provided with the fluid located within the tube.

According to at least one aspect, a system is provided comprising a processor, at least one piezoelectric element controllably coupled to the processor, one or more scented media, and an interface adapted to receive one or more commands from an external content processor, wherein the processor is configured to, responsive to the received one or more commands, control the at least one piezoelectric element to deliver an output scent using the one or more scented media.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises one or more vessels that contain respective ones of the one or more scented media. In some embodiments, the one or more vessels each includes a corresponding piezoelectric element that are controllably coupled to the processor. In some embodiments, the one or more commands includes at least one command that selectively controls an identified piezoelectric element to render a specific scent. In some embodiments, the one or more command includes a plurality of commands that selectively control more than one piezoelectric element to render a blended scent.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises a programmable interface through which the external content processor may control the at least one piezoelectric element. In some embodiments, the one or more commands each specified a duration and intensity value associated with a respective scent. In some embodiments, the system further comprises a housing, the housing comprising a physical coupling to a headset capable of being worn by a user.

In some embodiments, the system includes hardware that delivers an olfactory output to the user, wherein the physical coupling positions the olfactory output of the system proximate to the users nose. In some embodiments, the processor, the at least one piezoelectric element, the one or more scented media and the interface are part of a VR or AR device. In some embodiments, the one or more vessels that contain respective ones of the one or more scented media are detachable from the system.

In some embodiments, the commands from an external content processor are communicated responsive to an interaction of a user in an AR or VR realm. In some embodiments, the external content processor communicates proximity information to the system responsive to the user's interaction with one or more elements in the AR or VR realm.

In some embodiments, the at least one piezoelectric element comprises a tube having a proximal opening and a distal opening, an aperture element coupled to the proximal opening of the tube, the aperture element having at least one aperture, a piezoelectric element attached to a surface of the tube, the piezoelectric element adapted to receive an electrical signal that causes the piezoelectric element to vibrate and induce a wave along a length of the tube that forces a medium through the at least one aperture. In some embodiments, the tube is at least one of a cross-sectional shape of a square, a triangle, a polygon, a rectangle and a circle. In some embodiments, the tube is adapted to receive the medium through the distal opening. In some embodiments, the medium includes at least one of a solid, a liquid and a gel. In some embodiments, the tube is adapted to receive a wick element that delivers a liquid medium to be dispersed. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element forms a unimorph element with the tube.

According to some aspects, a computer-implemented method is provided comprising acts of receiving, via an interface of a scent generating device, a data element defining at least one scent to be rendered, processing, by a processor coupled to the interface, the received data element, controlling, responsive to processing the received data element, at least one piezoelectric element to deliver an output scent identified by the received data element. In some embodiments, the scent rendering device includes a plurality of scented media, and wherein the received data element uniquely identifies the output scent among the plurality of scented media to be rendered.

In some embodiments, the data element forms a stream of data, and the method further comprises an act of processing a received stream of data, the stream of data defining a plurality of scents to be rendered. In some embodiments, the a data element defining the at least one scent to be rendered defines a duration and an intensity value associated with the at least one scent to be rendered, and wherein the method further comprises controlling, responsive to processing the received data element, at least one piezoelectric element to deliver an output scent responsive to the defined duration and an intensity value associated with the at least one scent to be rendered. In some embodiments, the data element defining the at least one scent to be rendered defines a start command, and wherein the method further comprises an act of processing, by the processor responsive to the start command, one or more scent rendering commands defined by the data element.

Still other aspects, examples, and advantages of these exemplary aspects and examples, are discussed in detail below. Moreover, it is to be understood that both the foregoing information and the following detailed description are merely illustrative examples of various aspects and examples, and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claimed aspects and examples. Any example disclosed herein may be combined with any other example in any manner consistent with at least one of the objects, aims, and needs disclosed herein, and references to “an example,” “some examples,” “an alternate example,” “various examples,” “one example,” “at least one example,” “this and other examples” or the like are not necessarily mutually exclusive and are intended to indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the example may be included in at least one example. The appearances of such terms herein are not necessarily all referring to the same example.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Various aspects of at least one example are discussed below with reference to the accompanying figures, which are not intended to be drawn to scale. The figures are included to provide an illustration and a further understanding of the various aspects and examples, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, but are not intended as a definition of the limits of a particular example. The drawings, together with the remainder of the specification, serve to explain principles and operations of the described and claimed aspects and examples. In the figures, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures is represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every figure. In the figures:

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a distributed computer system capable of implementing various aspects;

FIG. 2 shows an example olfactory stimulus system according to some embodiments;

FIG. 3 shows another example olfactory stimulus system according to some embodiments;

FIG. 4 shows an example olfactory stimulus system physical configuration according to various embodiments;

FIG. 5 shows an example control system according to various embodiments;

FIG. 6 shows example scent classification information that may be used according to various aspects;

FIG. 7 shows an example process for rendering scent information according to various aspects;

FIGS. 8A-8B shows example data formats for communicating scent information according to various embodiments;

FIG. 9 shows an example software architecture according to some embodiments;

FIG. 10 shows an example device that may be used to render scent according to some embodiments;

FIG. 11 shows an example device that may use one or more devices to render various scents according to some embodiments;

FIG. 12 shows another device that many be used to render various scents according to some embodiments;

FIGS. 13A-13D show a device for generating atomized fluid according to some embodiments;

FIG. 14 shows an alternative control system according to some embodiments;

FIG. 15 shows another alternative control system according to some embodiments;

FIGS. 16A-16E show various views of an example olfactory stimulus system according to some embodiments;

FIGS. 17A-17B show a device for generating atomized fluid according to some embodiments; and

FIG. 18 shows a more detailed view of an element including a tube assembly according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

According to some implementations, a system is provided that is capable of rendering scent information to a user. For instance, it is appreciated that are no adequate commercially-available devices capable of rendering scent information in an AR or VR environment. In particular, according to some embodiments, it is appreciated that it would be beneficial to have a device that could be used with existing AR or VR headsets to render scent information to a user. Such scent information may be rendered by a game engine responsive to activities performed or experienced within the AR or VR realm. In other embodiments, such functionality may be incorporated within such headset devices.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a distributed computer system 100 capable of implementing various aspects. In particular, distributed system 100 includes a game system 101, and olfactory stimulus system 102, and possibly separate VR/AR hardware, the combination of which are used to communicate information to a user 113.

In particular, came system 101 may include a game program 112, a game engine 111, game content 110, and a communication interface 109. Game system 101 may use the game engine 111 which may include for example, any processors, code, and development platform used to write game programs (e.g., game program 112). Notably, according to various embodiments, game programs may be provided in interface through which they can communicate with an olfactory stimulus system. Such interfaces may include, for instance, an application programming interface (API) that defines commands and data structures for controlling the olfactory stimulus system 102. Further, game system 101 may include one or more communication interfaces 109 which can be used to communicate to system 102. Such interfaces may include, for example, wired or wireless communication interfaces.

System 102 may also include a processor 104 that controls operation of system 102 functions. System 102 may include one or more piezoelectric devices (e.g., piezoelectric device 105) which control the delivery of one or more types of scented media 107 for the purpose of rendering scent information to the user (e.g., user 113). Piezoelectric device 105 may deliver an olfactory output via one or more delivery hardware elements 106. Such elements may include, for example, vessels, interconnecting tubes, reservoirs, venturi elements, inlets, outlets, channels and/or any other active or passive delivery mechanisms.

Further, as discussed above, the olfactory stimulus system may be provided as part of an existing headset device but in other embodiments, the olfactory stimulus system may be provided as an additional device for existing VR/AR hardware (e.g., hardware 103). To accomplish this, a physical coupling 114 may be provided such that the olfactory stimulus system is positioned such that scent outputs may be provided to a user (e.g., user 113). According to one embodiment, processor 104 may include a specially programmed microcontroller that performs certain specified control functions. One example of a specific control processor and circuitry is shown by way of example in FIG. 5 discussed below. In some embodiments, the microcontroller (MCU) may include an ATmega328p Arduino-type controller. It should be appreciated, however, other controller types may be used. Further, the microcontroller may also include some additional auxiliary components such as a frequency generator, digital potentiometer and one or more operational amplifiers which may be used to adjust voltage into a variable amplitude fixed frequency current that can be used to control a piezoelectric element.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show various implementations of olfactory stimulus systems according to some embodiments. In particular, FIG. 2 shows an olfactory stimulus system 200 which can be used with existing AR/VR hardware 202 to present scent information to user 201. System 200 includes a microcontroller 203 that controls a piezoelectric device 204. The piezoelectric device 204 acts as a pump which blows air passed a detachable vessel 206 which contains scent media. Air and/or scent particles are routed between elements using one or more channels such as those provided by interconnecting tubes 205.

According to some embodiments, piezoelectric components may be used to move air and possibly diffuse liquids into a channel. Channels may be constructed using tubes manufactured using chemically resistant materials (e.g., In some embodiments there may be manufactured using chemically resistant materials to counter the effects of water and possibly mild amounts of alcohol present within the scented media. According to some embodiments, such channel elements may be internally molded and/or printed elements.

Detachable vessel 206 (among other elements and embodiments described herein) may also be made from chemically resistant materials (e.g., glass, Plastic (PTFE, PEEK, UHMW, PTE, possibly HDPE chemically resistant variants), stainless steel, or other material(s) either alone or in combination with other materials).

Further, microcontroller 203 may be coupled to a game system 207 via one or more interfaces (e.g., a communication interface such as a wired or wireless connection (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or other type wireless communication protocol)).

FIG. 3 shows an alternative configuration of an olfactory stimulus system 300. In particular, similar to system 200, FIG. 3 shows an olfactory stimulus system 300 which can be used with existing AR/VR hardware 302 to present scent information to user 301. Similarly, olfactory stimulus system 300 may include a microcontroller 3031 or more piezoelectric devices (e.g. devices 304, 307) interfaces to a game system (e.g., game system 309), and one or more channel elements including reservoirs (e.g., air reservoir 306), tubes (e.g. interconnecting tubes 305), vessels (e.g. one or more vessels containing scented media 308) among other items. Notably, the system may have a two stage design where there are smaller piezoelectric elements provided in addition to a main piezoelectric element that provide the majority of air movement.

Notably, in an alternative configuration shown in FIG. 3, separate piezoelectric devices are provided for specific vessels that contain various scented media. The microcontroller may be selectively controlled to activate certain piezoelectric devices to control delivery of particular scented media. As discussed further below, commands that specifically address particular piezoelectric devices may be provided such that the game system may control delivery of particular scents. In some embodiments, different vessels contain different scents. In one implementation, vessels may contain active logic that communicate their information (e.g., what scents they contain, status, level of media, etc.) with microcontroller 303. Also, in some implementations collections of vessels or individual vessels may be removed and/or replaced when they are exhausted. Air reservoir 306 may be provided such that air pressure may be stored in controlled and selectively delivered to individual vessels to provide a rendered output.

FIG. 4 shows another example device configuration 402 that may be used alone or in connection with other embodiments. For instance, as shown in FIG. 4, element 402 is connected to existing AR/VR hardware for 10 via a physical bracket 409. Notably, the position of element 402 may be adjusted so that an olfactory output (e.g., air/scent outlet 407) may be positioned near a user's nose (e.g., the nose of user 401). In the configuration shown in FIG. 4, element 402 includes an air inlet 404 a restricted outlet 406 a piezoelectric air pump 403 and venturi technology (e.g., an atomizer nozzle). In particular, the piezoelectric air pump 403 operates to pump air from an air inlet 404 within the chamber which mixes with an output of a scent cartridge having media (e.g., cartridge 405) in the mixture is pumped through a restricted outlet 406 to the nose of the user (e.g. user 401).

FIG. 5 shows an example circuit in control function circuitry used to implement various aspects. For instance, a microcontroller 501 may be provided which includes one or more digital to analog converters (e.g., elements 510, 511) one or more comparators (e.g. comparators 512, 513), operational amplifiers (e.g. operational amplifiers 514, 519). Among other elements. As discussed above, the circuit may be used to boost current and voltage and output gate frequency to operate a piezoelectric output stage (e.g., 504) which in turn controls a piezo mesh disk (e.g., element 503) which renders the scented output.

Microcontroller 501 may include one or more I/O ports to communicate information and receive information from various elements (e.g. button 506, LEDs 507). Further, microcontroller may include an element (e.g., EUSART 522) to communicate serial data to outside elements (e.g., such as by converting serially formed UART data to a USB output using a USB-to-UART converter 508 and USB interface 509). Also, in some embodiments, the device may operate on its own power supply which could include batteries (e.g., batteries 502) or some other power input.

Various embodiments may relate to ways of representing scent information in a distributed system, and encoding and decoding such information. FIG. 6 shows one example implementation including example scent classification information that may be used for communicating scent information in a distributed communication network. It is appreciated that smell architecture may be of great importance when it comes to creating a realistic experience, especially in an AR/VR environment such as those provided in virtual reality, altered reality or telecommunication devices using headsets or other devices.

According to various embodiments shown by way of example in table 600, various types of information may be used to classify or qualify scent information. In particular, a particular sent may include proximity information 601, activity information 602, duration information 603, and appeal information 604.

Proximity

In one implementation, proximity information may be used to express how close the user or player is to an odorant object (e.g., within an AR/VR environment). In one embodiment, the proximity settings dictate whether a smell is “on” or “off”):

Ambient (the foundation)—the overall smell of a particular environment meant to set an emotional tone

Burst (walls, floors, lighting, furniture)—the smell of an object or collection of objects noticeable when passing within a particular distance (e.g., 1 meter)

Specific (appliances)—the smell of a specific object noticeable only when 12 inches or less from face

Activity

In another implementation, activity information may be used to express the level of conscious interaction the player is having with the odorant object. It is appreciated that the level of conscious interaction is not necessarily directly linked to the proximity of the player to the object, but generally speaking, the activity may be proportionate):

Passive—most bursts. Smells that are activated by passing by an object that is not necessarily interact-able but plays a role in creating ambience or foreshadowing in the narrative.

Active—when the player interacts with an object deliberately. Either for curiosity or to gain information/solve a puzzle

Invisible—smell that is only released upon performing a specific action like opening a bottle or drawer. This characteristic could allow for circumventing the standard proximity protocols

Predictive—predictive smells are ones that come on the breeze around a corner or from behind a closed door. They can be literally predictive (fire/smoke) or ever changing to promote a sense of doom.

Causal—The effect when the user takes an exaggerated breath in

Duration

in one implementation, duration information may be used to express how long is the smell being activated for in the hardware:

Burst—a burst will generally be a release of a predetermined time (e.g., 1 second) of a single or series of heavily diffusive aromas. Navigating through the VR environment will also be navigating through different bursts. The pockets of scent experienced in succession through space and time will create an aromatic tapestry potentially as rich as the visual one.

Sustained—A slow continuous release of scent to either block outside odor or create subconscious reaction. Very faint.

Undulating—a single smell meant to me experienced over a longer period of time so due to the “habituating effect” of the olfactory system it is necessary to increase and decrease intensity in a set predictable manner.

Intervals—a way to mimic smell intensity by modulating rapid micro bursts.

It should be appreciated that other types of encoding scent information may be used, and some embodiments may use different types of encoding.

FIG. 7 shows an example process for rendering scent information according to various aspects. At block 701, process 700 begins. At block 702 the user's proximity is determined in relation to an element in an AR/VR domain. For instance, the game engine while executing the game code may monitor the user's proximity to one or more virtual elements such as environmental elements, game elements or other surface or object. At block 703, the system may determine a rendered scent responsive to the determine proximity between the user and the element. For example, if the user is within a certain proximity of a surface that has a scent associated with it, the executing software may determine a scent to be “played” to the user at some point in time during the game execution or other contact rendering to the user. At block 704, the system communicates control information indicating the sent to be rendered to the olfactory stimulus system. Such information may include any type of encoding information, such as a duration of a scent to be rendered, an intensity value or other information. Such information may be transmitted, as discussed above, over a wired or wireless communication link between a content providing system and the olfactory stimulus system. At block 705, the olfactory stimulus system renders the sent to the user. At block 706, process 700 ends, although it is appreciated that this process may work as a continuous loop as the user is experiencing the AR/VR content.

FIG. 8A shows an example format for communicating scent information according to various embodiments. As discussed above, the olfactory stimulus system may be capable of receiving a data stream (e.g., data stream 800) sent from a game engine or other content providing system for the purpose of communicating smell information. As shown, the data stream may include one or more pieces of information that correspond to particular smells to be rendered to the user.

For instance, a portion of information corresponding to smell A (e.g., item 801) may be transmitted serially from the content provider to the olfactory stimulus system. Data element 801 may include a number of fields, characteristics, and/or values that qualify a particular smell. Element 801 may include specific information that identifies which smell to be played, what duration, in what intensity. Data element 801 may include additional information encoded that reflects how the sent is to be delivered to the user. In some embodiments, element 801 includes a duration/function for smell a 803. Such information may include a value that specifies the duration, as well as a specific identification of smell A. Further, element 801 may include an intensity value A 804 that numerically represents a played intensity of the identified smell. The system may be capable of transmitting multiple smells (e.g., Smell B 802 with duration/function B 805 and intensity B information 806).

FIG. 8B shows another example format for communicating scent information according to various embodiments. As discussed above similar to the system described above with reference to FIG. 8A, the olfactory stimulus system may be capable of receiving a data stream (e.g., data stream 810) sent from a game engine or other content providing system for the purpose of communicating smell information. As shown, the data stream may include one or more pieces of information that correspond to particular smells to be rendered to the user. Notably, data stream 810 may be a different format which is communicated to the olfactory stimulus system when the scent is needed such that data is not continually sent and need not be processed when scent should not be present. In such a format, the data stream 810 (e.g., a partial stream or finite string of data) may be sent to the olfactory stimulus system.

Data 810 may include a start byte 811 that appears at the start of the message and which indicates to the olfactory stimulus system (e.g., a microcontroller operating the olfactory stimulus system) to start processing remaining bites and the string or partial stream of data. In a resting state, a microcontroller of the olfactory stimulus system may be constantly for receipt of a start byte (or other header type or indication). The second portion of the message includes a number of commands 812 which indicates the number of scents in the stream, and which indicates how long the stream will be. Following data element 812 are the actual scent indications to be rendered (e.g., scent A, scent B, etc.). Each of the scent indications includes, for example, a scent label or designation (e.g., an encoded form of Scent A placed within data element 813), a function state of the scent (e.g., an intensity, delivery pattern, etc. for the scent encoded in data element 814), and a duration of the scent (e.g., element 815). Each of the various scents to be rendered may include respective function and duration information encoded within the data stream.

It should be appreciated that smell information may be communicated in real time between entities for the purpose of delivering a realistic environment. Such information may be transmitted in parallel with AR/VR environment information, and in some embodiments, there may be a coordination protocol that synchronizes such information.

FIG. 9 shows an example software architecture according to various embodiments. In particular, game program 902 and game engine 903 may be capable of communicating to the olfactory stimulus system 904 via an olfactory API 901. Olfactory API 901 may provide functions, interfaces, and parameters through which the game program 902 may communicate with the olfactory stimulus system 904. Further, in some embodiments, communication through the API may be bidirectional, in that information may be received from the OVR system. For example, a status of the OVR system may be communicated and may be visible to a content providing application. For example, whether the OVR system is functioning, has appropriate and suitable levels of media, etc. may be provided to another computing entity.

In a practical example, when someone encounters an object in VR there are things that occur on the game software/drivers side of the game and then there are things that happen on the hardware/firmware side of the game. On the software side, a player interacts with an object based on proximity to that object. The user's proximity to an object generates a value in the gaming engine. Other objects may distort that proximity value such as a wall or wind effects.

The value (whether or not it is modified) is then formatted into a string of characters by the API. That string of characters is then passed on to the microcontroller via USB or Bluetooth or LAN/WAN/Wi-Fi or any other digital wired or wireless communication link. In one example implementation, the system is connected via USB. The string's length is determined by the multitude of scents. In some embodiments, the more scents there are to be rendered, the longer the data string sent over the digital connection.

On the hardware side, the string of characters is then relayed to the microcontroller and is interpreted by the firmware (e.g., residing on the memory of the controller). The firmware selects a mode in which the smell will be delivered and then finally executes an amplitude on the piezoelectric value system(s) which is based on the proximity value generated from the software side. In one implementation, the entire process can be performed about 10-100 times per second and updates the amplitude of the scent as a user interacts with the VR environment and the predetermined or tagged objects in that environment. VR objects can be tagged during the development of the game by a game designer or post compilation of a game through the use of computer vision algorithms during game play.

It should be appreciated that the system, mechanical implementation, software and controls may have a number of features that are usable either alone or in combination with other features. For example, in another implementation, the system may be capable of limiting “brown smell” or residual smells produced as a byproduct of playing previous smells. One example process for eliminating brown smell includes several methods. This first method includes using scent formulas and controlled atomization sizes which are highly dispersive and do not stick to surfaces very well. This ensures that the scent will clear away in a relatively short amount of time. A second process includes restricting the outlet size orifice near the scent cartridge which creates a passive high pressure area. This functions as a passive gate to keep additional scent molecules or atomized clumps from exiting the outlet when the piezoelectric devices are in a resting state. Essentially this function acts as the brakes to the scent delivery mechanism. The third function is to maintain control over the particle release size (nominally 20-2 um in size). Maintaining particle size may be accomplished, for example, through a VMT, venturi and/or other dispersion mechanisms. It should be appreciated that other features may be provided according to other implementations.

FIG. 10 shows another example device that may be used to render scent according to some embodiments. For example, FIG. 10 shows a piezoelectric device 1000 that may be used to render scent information. Device 1000 may be relatively small in size (e.g., 1-2 cm in diameter, or other size) such that it may be used in a personal scent rendering device such as that shown by way of example in FIG. 11. Device 1000 may be circular in form, and include an area 1001 where scent is released. Device 1000 may include scent media either embedded within the device, or the device is capable of receiving scented material from a channel, or reservoir (e.g., in liquid form). Device 1000 may be operated by providing an activating signal through one or more electrical leads (e.g., leads 1002).

FIG. 11 shows an example device 1102 that may use one or more devices to render various scents according to some embodiments. In particular, device 1102 may be adapted to receive one or more piezoelectric elements such as those shown by way of example in FIG. 10. Further, device 1102 may be adapted to attach to an AR/VR headset (e.g., AR/VR hardware 202). For instance, device 1102 may be adapted to mount to an AR/VR headset via a mounting plate 1101. Device 1102 may be affixed to the headset via one or more attachment elements such as screws, mounts, adhesive elements, or similar elements. Device 1102 may include one or more openings 1103 through which scent is rendered. Because device may be mounted near a lower surface of the headset, the openings of device 1102 may be positioned near a user's nose. Device 1102 may be arc-shaped such that the openings are positioned substantially around an area near the user's nose.

FIG. 12 shows another device 1200 that many be used to render various scents according to some embodiments. Similar to device 1102, device 1200 may be arc-shaped and may be adapted to be attached to an AR/VR headset. Also, device 1200 may be adapted to receive one or more piezoelectric elements (e.g., piezoelectric element 1201). In some embodiments, such elements may be rectangular in shape, and as discussed below with respect to FIGS. 13A-13D, they may be configured to atomize a fluid and project the atomized fluid out of an end of the tube towards a user's nose. Several piezoelectric elements may be arranged in an arc of the device 1200. The elements may be held in channels (e.g., channel 1203) by a holding element 1202. In some embodiments, the holding element may be manufactured using a rubber-like material to isolate the elements and their vibratory effects from one another and the main housing of device 1200. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric elements are sandwiched between several holding elements, thereby positioning and holding the piezoelectric elements within their respective channels. The piezoelectric elements may be adapted to render different scents. Each of the elements may be selectively activated by a controller that sends activating signals to a particular selected element.

FIGS. 13A-13D show a device for generating atomized fluid according to some embodiments. In particular, FIGS. 13A-13D show some embodiments of a device for generating atomized fluid. The device comprises a rectangular tube (1301) having a cross-sectional shape a width (W), a depth (T) and a length (L). A piezoelectric plate (1303) is attached across the width (W) of the tube. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric plate (1303) may be attached to the rectangular tube (1301 via glue, epoxy, solder or other adhesive. It should be appreciated that although a rectangular tube is shown, other shapes of tubes may be used (e.g., circular, triangular, square, etc.).

An aperture plate (1302) is attached to an end of the tube (1301A) while a second end (1302B) is open and is configured to receiving a fluid and supplying the fluid to the aperture plate (1302) through the tube. The piezoelectric plate (1303) is connected to a circuit that generates an electrical signal at a frequency that is equal to the resonance frequency of tube and in an amplitude that is sufficient to produce a flow of atomized droplets. The electrical signal may be, in some embodiments, an alternating signal that is applied to contacts of the piezoelectric plate 1303.

In one embodiment, the tube is made of brass and has a width of 6.35 mm, a depth of 3.125 mm, and a length of 40 mm, with a resonance frequency of 50,000 Hz. It should be appreciated however, that other dimensions, configurations and resonant frequencies may be used. In some embodiments, the piezo element and tube form a unimorph device including an active layer (e.g., the piezo element) and an inactive layer (e.g., the tube surface). One implementation includes a tube having a rectangular or square in shape. In some conventional piezo elements, they may use a pinching/squeezing mechanism to deliver liquids, however, in some embodiments as disclosed herein, a medium (e.g., a liquid) is aerosolized via perpendicular acoustical waves induced by a piezo element.

In some implementations, there are a few ways that the medium can come into contact with the plate:

Free in housing—the liquid is just free in the tube and capped at the end opposite the aperture plate end to seal inside. The vibration pattern forces the liquid in contact with the plate.

Wick—A wick is placed in the tube and capped in with the liquid to force the correct capillary action to move the liquid to plate in conjunction with the vibration. In some embodiments, the wick may be shaped to fill the area within the tube (e.g., a rectangular, tubular, or square shape). In some implementations, the wick element may be a replaceable item, and may be accessible to be replaced. The wick may also be part of or coupled to a reservoir that holds liquid to be dispersed. The wick may be, in some embodiments, bidirectional or unidirectional wicking material made out of, for example, natural fibers and/or synthetic fibers including cotton, polyethylene, nylon, metal, graphene, among others.

Cartridge—A cartridge of custom design is inserted into the back to the tube with a connection point to the tube and plate. The cartridge may, or may not, use a wick or material that has a wicking property.

FIG. 14 shows an alternative control system according to some embodiments. In particular, one or more alternative control systems may be used in some embodiments where the piezo device includes one or more tube structures arranged in an array. The circuit may operate, for example, similarly to the system described above with respect to FIG. 5, which performs similar functions. In particular, a device driver circuit may be used to selectively activate different piezo elements (e.g., in an array) according to what scent is addressed (e.g., within a received stream of commands).

In particular, generally within the driver circuit shown in FIG. 14, a microcontroller generates a frequency which is then amplified in power greatly in order to drive selected piezo elements. Switches may be used to control the activation of the amplified power signal. The signal itself can be, for example, a signal of a fixed frequency with a 50% duty cycle. However, it should be appreciated that parameters of the signal (e.g., shape, length, height, pattern, etc. of the signal waveform) may be selectively varied to produce different intensities and lengths (e.g., duration) of scent production. Further, it should be appreciated that a DC signal may be used which includes positive signals or alternatively an AC signal may be used consisting of both positive and negative signals.

FIG. 14 shows a general circuit design which includes several subcomponents including a battery (e.g., battery 1403), a microcontroller (e.g., MCU 1401), a power conversion “boost” (e.g., via boost device A, boost B (elements 1404A, 1404B) and a switching array (e.g., switching array 1405). Optionally, a driver or comparator (e.g., a MOSFET comparator, e.g., element 1402) may be used to drive the logic coming from the MCU to a higher or lower power level to drive the switching array. Also, optionally a secondary power conversion may be used in order to provide a power source used to drive a second logic level voltage. The switching array 1405 is adapted to receive serial signal and convert that signal into the actuation of a specific channel. Each channel coming from the switch array is used to drive each of the individual aerosol generators (e.g., generators 1406). In some embodiments, the array should be sufficiently fast and rated for the appropriate voltage and current in order to be able to drive the aerosol generators in a real-time manner.

FIG. 15 shows another alternative control system according to some embodiments. In particular, FIG. 15 shows a general circuit design which includes several subcomponents including a battery (e.g., battery 1503), a microcontroller (e.g., MCU 1501), a power conversion “boost” (e.g., via boost device A, boost B (elements 1504A, 1504B), a bridged MOSFET (e.g., element 1506) and a switching array (e.g., switching array 1507). Optionally a driver or comparator (e.g., a MOSFET comparator, e.g., element 1402) may be used to drive the logic coming from the MCU to a higher or lower power level to drive the switching array and or the bridged MOSFET. In some embodiments, optional discrete resonant components (e.g., discrete resonant components 1506) such as capacitors/inductors can be used for further power amplification and signal smoothing. In the circuit shown in FIG. 15, the bridged MOSFET takes signals, (typically in the form of a timed frequency with a duty cycle) from the microcontroller and then amplifies that signal to a higher power level. The switching array is then opens a channel in which the power signal coming from the half bridge can then actuate the aerosol generators with the assistance/amplification of the resonant components.

FIGS. 16A-16E show various views of an example olfactory stimulus system according to some embodiments. In FIG. 16A, an example olfactory stimulus system 1600 is shown which includes an L-shaped housing including a number of different components similar to those discussed above with reference to FIG. 1. In particular, system 1600 includes one or more piezo elements and in some embodiments, the Piezo elements take the form of tube-shaped aerosol generators (e.g., elements 1602).

In some embodiments, the elements are arranged within a tube array 1601. The piezo elements may be electrically connected to a PCB 1603 which includes one or more circuit elements such as those discussed above with reference to FIGS. 14-15. System 1600 may include a battery 1604 that is used to power one or more components and generate signals that may be used to drive the production of scent by one or more aerosol generators. Outputs of the tube array 1601 may be positioned abutting a chamber 1605. As discussed further below, a user's nose may be positioned within an opening of the chamber in order to receive one or more outputs of the tube array. In some embodiments, the individual tubes, their media, and/or the array may be a removable and replaceable item (e.g., to renew exhausted media).

At an opposite and of the system, there may be an exhaust 1607 which is used to remove sent from the chamber 1605. Near the output of the exhaust may be positioned a fan element 1606 (or other air moving device) which can be configured to move air in and out of the chamber from the exterior of the system 1600. Notably, it may be useful to clear sent away from the chamber as well as mix outside air with scents produced by one or more of the aerosol generators.

FIG. 16B shows a device 1610 similar to system 1600 whereby a cover 1611 encloses the elements within device 1600. Cover 1611 is attached to the remainder of the housing via one or more attachment element 1612. Cover 1611 encloses the chamber whereby outside air is input via exhaust 1613 or sent is removed from the chamber via the exhaust 1613.

FIG. 16C shows a three-dimensional view of a device that is similar to that shown in FIGS. 16A-16B. In particular, FIG. 16C shows a device 1620 that shows a three-dimensional tube array 1621 including as shown, 12 different aerosol generators positioned within the array. In some embodiments, the tubes are vibrationally isolated from each other such that vibration induced in one tube will not be translated significantly to another tube within the array. A housing of device 1620 includes several openings including a cavity 1623 in which a user's nose is placed. As shown, a PCB 1622 and tube array 1621 is positioned opposite an exhaust 1624 located at the other side of the device. FIG. 16D shows another view of the device (now shown as device 1630) which shows relative positioning of the PCB and tube array with respect to the housing and openings. FIG. 16E shows another view of the device (e.g., as device 1630) whereby only the external housing and viewable elements are seen. As can be more clearly seen, the housing 1632 forms a cavity 1631 in which a user's nose may be positioned. Further, device 1630 includes a mounting surface 1633 which may be attached by one or more methods to an AR/VR headset, such that the device is positioned near the user's nose. It should be appreciated that elements shown in FIGS. 16A-16E (e.g., PCB elements, tube arrays, etc.) may be similar or the same items among the various figures, but may be substituted with other elements as described herein.

FIGS. 17A-17B show a device for generating atomized fluid according to some embodiments. In particular, FIG. 17A shows a round tube device 1700 similar in function to the device discussed above with respect to FIGS. 13A-13D. Device 1700 may include a tube 1702 having a length (L1) and diameter (D1). A piezoelectric sleeve is attached at an end of the cylindrical tube, the element having a length (L2) and diameter (D2). In some embodiments, the piezoelectric sleeve may be attached to the cylindrical tube via glue, epoxy, solder or other adhesive.

Similar to the rectangular embodiment, an aperture plate (e.g., mesh plate 1703) is attached to an end of the tube while a second end is open and is configured to receiving a fluid and supplying the fluid to the aperture plate through the tube. The piezoelectric element is connected to a circuit that generates an electrical signal at a frequency that is equal to the resonance frequency of tube and in an amplitude that is sufficient to produce a flow of atomized droplets. The electrical signal may be, in some embodiments, an alternating signal that is applied to contacts of the piezoelectric element (e.g., via positive charge 1704 being applied to the piezo layer and a negative charge 1705 being applied to the tube).

In one embodiment, the tube is made of brass and has a diameter of 4.76 mm, and a length of 35 mm, with a resonant frequency in a range of substantially 100-300 KHz. The piezo element may have a diameter of 6.4 mm and length of 6.4 mm. It should be appreciated however, that other dimensions, configurations and resonant frequencies may be used. For example, the range of the frequency that a particular device may function can vary from a relatively low frequency (e.g., 20 kHz) to a relatively high value (e.g., 1 GHz). Using the example circular tube devices described above, the resonant frequency may be determined to be in a range of 100-300 KHz. Generally speaking, if the size of the tube is decreased, the frequency increases, but it should be appreciated that the resonant frequency depends on a number of factors and can be determined heuristically from testing the device.

In some embodiments, the piezo element and tube form a unimorph device including an active layer (e.g., the piezo element) and an inactive layer (e.g., the tube surface). In some conventional piezo elements, they may use a pinching/squeezing mechanism to deliver liquids, however, in some embodiments as disclosed herein, a medium (e.g., a liquid) is aerosolized via perpendicular acoustical waves induced by a piezo element. It should be appreciated that although certain shaped devices having certain dimensions are shown, other shaped elements having different dimensions may be used.

FIG. 18 shows a more detailed view of an element including a tube assembly according to some embodiments. In particular, FIG. 18 shows an element 1800 including a PCB 1802 having power and control circuitry that is used to selectively activate one or more piezo-based tubes within a tube assembly 1801. Each of the tubes (e.g., tube 1805) may be mounted on a mounting structure 1803. In some embodiments, the tubes are mounted to isolate them vibrationally from other tube elements. In some cases, spacers or other elements may isolate the tube elements. In some embodiments, piezo elements of each tube (e.g. piezo element 1804) are positionally separated by adjacent tubes yet are mounted by a common electrical connection (e.g., via a separate PCB). In some cases, there may be isolation elements that isolate each tube from the mounting structure.

Other Applications

Although such devices may be used in gaming and entertainment applications, it should also be appreciated that such a system may be useful in a number of different applications outside the gaming/entertainment area such as, for example:

Cognitive behavioral therapy (cognitive behavioral therapists use a number of techniques to help their patients work through traumatic experiences including exposure therapy and virtual reality. It is appreciated that conditions such as PTSD from war and sexual trauma are the hardest to overcome for one reason: smell, these experiences are hardwired into our brains. By integrating unique, curated aromas into the therapy with VR, thousands of people may be helped to live normal lives and have normal relationships. Remote surgery. It is appreciated that people's sense of smell works more quickly and efficiently than all of our other senses combined. VR has the unique ability to allow surgeons to perform complicated surgeries remotely but still only effectively offers 2D sense of objects during complex procedures. By augmenting the surgeon's sense of critical areas with scent, the chance of error may be decreased without the need for the surgeon to break visual plane) Sight impaired. For the visually impaired to participate in VR or AR, various systems must take advantage senses other than eyesight. Forensics. Witnesses identifying the perpetrator is dangerously inaccurate and subject to implicit bias. Because of the direct link between scent, memory and emotion, VR may be coupled with scent creating a stronger, impartial, more just method of suspect identification, crime scene analysis and jury trials). Therapeutic uses. Office, team, family, and relationship productivity goes up dramatically when people feel calm, rested and refreshed. For example, spending 10 minutes in scent enhanced, augmented reality can offer the same benefits as meditation, sleep or an hour of mindfulness. Sports medicine. Training in VR kick starts psychosomatic response (i.e., nothing can create a “Pavlovian response” more quickly and powerfully than scent training. When an athlete is training for an event—like the Tour de France for example—in VR, aromatic stimuli may be created that increase or decrease heart rate, testosterone, or even pain/pleasure response that will be recreated during actual competition. Piloting. As aeronautics and combat become more technologically advanced, any opportunity to make controls and feedback more intuitive to the pilot is paramount. It is appreciated that very second the pilot has to pay attention to a gauge or otherwise take his eye off more important visual cues can have catastrophic events. Furthermore, in high stress combat situations quick decision making without hesitation is key. Because smell stimulates the limbic (fight or flight) portion of the brain before being processed by the pre-frontal cortex, it is appreciated that VR training simulations utilizing olfactory cues can increase response time, preserve focus and decrease stress responses in real life situations. Transposing senses and environmental conditions, For example, information of the environment such as temperature, humidity, radiation, unscented poisonous gas. (rov exploration in environments that are dangerous or toxic to humans rely too heavily on sight and crude robotics. By utilizing a VR/AR interface with a detection capability of scent that can be translated and communicated to an OVR system, the capability may be provided to explore the deep sea, radioactive sites, caves, and the like. In particular, human operators can receive and interpret data in real time in a much more meaningful way than ever before. Space applications. Astronauts often need to be able to sense physical phenomena on the edge of perception, e.g., gamma rays, x rays, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, and an OVR system may be used to accomplish experiencing these environments.

It should be appreciated that there are other applications of this technology and the invention is not limited to the examples provided herein. For example, some embodiments may be used in general entertainment, which could be movies or other experiences. Additionally, some embodiments may be applied to areas such as travel, business, education/training, telepresence, and meditation.

Having thus described several aspects of at least one embodiment of this invention, it is to be appreciated various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a processor; at least one piezoelectric element controllably coupled to the processor; one or more scented media; and an interface adapted to receive one or more commands from an external content processor, wherein the processor is configured to, responsive to the received one or more commands, control the at least one piezoelectric element to deliver an output scent using the one or more scented media.
 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises one or more elements that contain respective ones of the one or more scented media.
 3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the one or more elements each includes a corresponding piezoelectric element that are controllably coupled to the processor.
 4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the one or more commands includes at least one command that selectively controls an identified piezoelectric element to render a specific scent.
 5. The system according to claim 3, wherein the one or more command includes a plurality of commands that selectively control more than one piezoelectric element to render a blended scent.
 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a programmable interface through which the external content processor may control the at least one piezoelectric element.
 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the one or more commands each specified a duration and intensity value associated with a respective scent.
 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a housing, the housing comprising a physical coupling to a headset capable of being worn by a user.
 9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the system includes hardware that delivers an olfactory output to the user, wherein the physical coupling positions the olfactory output of the system proximate to the users nose.
 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the processor, the at least one piezoelectric element, the one or more scented media and the interface are part of a VR or AR device.
 11. The system according to claim 2, wherein the one or more elements that contain respective ones of the one or more scented media are detachable from the system.
 12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the commands from an external content processor are communicated responsive to an interaction of a user in an AR or VR realm.
 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the external content processor communicates proximity information to the system responsive to the user's interaction with one or more elements in the AR or VR realm.
 14. The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element comprises: a tube having a proximal opening and a distal opening; an aperture element coupled to the proximal opening of the tube, the aperture element having at least one aperture; a piezoelectric element attached to a surface of the tube, the piezoelectric element adapted to receive an electrical signal that causes the piezoelectric element to vibrate and induce a wave along a length of the tube that forces a medium through the at least one aperture.
 15. The device according to claim 14, wherein the tube is at least one of a cross-sectional shape of a square, a triangle, a polygon, a rectangle and a circle.
 16. The device according to claim 14, wherein the tube is adapted to receive the medium through the distal opening.
 17. The device according to claim 14, wherein the medium includes at least one of a solid, a liquid and a gel.
 18. The device according to claim 14, wherein the tube is adapted to receive a wick element that delivers a liquid medium to be dispersed.
 19. The device according to claim 14, wherein the piezoelectric element forms a unimorph element with the tube.
 20. A computer-implemented method comprising acts of: receiving, via an interface of a scent generating device, a data element defining at least one scent to be rendered; processing, by a processor coupled to the interface, the received data element; controlling, responsive to processing the received data element, at least one piezoelectric element to deliver an output scent identified by the received data element.
 21. The computer-implemented method according to claim 20, wherein the scent rendering device includes a plurality of scented media, and wherein the received data element uniquely identifies the output scent among the plurality of scented media to be rendered.
 22. The computer-implemented method according to claim 20, wherein the data element forms a stream of data, and the method further comprises an act of processing a received stream of data, the stream of data defining a plurality of scents to be rendered.
 23. The computer-implemented method according to claim 20, wherein the data element defining the at least one scent to be rendered defines a duration and an intensity value associated with the at least one scent to be rendered, and wherein the method further comprises controlling, responsive to processing the received data element, at least one piezoelectric element to deliver an output scent responsive to the defined duration and an intensity value associated with the at least one scent to be rendered.
 24. The computer-implemented method according to claim 20, wherein the data element defining the at least one scent to be rendered defines a start command, and wherein the method further comprises an act of processing, by the processor responsive to the start command, one or more scent rendering commands defined by the data element. 